This process starts with the perception of an input (for example, a tutorial text) and as we process the information conveyed by our many senses (we have way more than five), our memory is likely to change. When we learn something, new synapses — the connections between neurons — are created or are strengthened. Everything you do in life — reading a book, watching a movie, chatting with friends, reading this article, etc. — is going to “rewire” your brain, because our brains are not hardwired in the first place. The brain is malleable, and thanks to this plasticity, we are capable of adapting to our ever-changing environment. Between the perception of a stimulus and the modification of our memory, a lot of things happen. Notably, the quality of learning will be affected by many factors, such as our attention, motivation, and emotion.

总结一下，当我们在学习和处理信息时，我们的感知是主观的，我们的注意力是有限的，我们的记忆会出错。这也是为什么我们必须站在玩家的角度设计用户界面。

“用户体验”是由唐纳德·诺曼（苹果公司前副总裁，著名书籍《日常用品设计》作者）在上个世纪90年代创造出来的术语，它指用户使用某一项产品、系统和服务的整个体验过程：包括第一次听说产品、购买或下载它，与它交互，以及最终对它产生的印象。我们将重点放在玩家体验游戏的过程上。为了预测所有由非设计问题导致的挫折，从而创造最具吸引力、最有趣的游戏，我们在设计用户体验的过程中遵循两大准则：“可用性”（usability）和 “参与性”（engage-ability）。

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2008)

感知（输入）→信息处理（影响因素：注意力、情感、动机）→记忆（突触可塑性）

We do not accomplish any action unless we are motivated to do so. Thus, motivation is at the core of engage-ability. However, countless theories of human motivation exist, and we currently do not have any motivational theory that can account of all of human behaviors. Among the most important types of motivation, we can focus on two that are the most applicable to games: extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.

Game UX = Usability + Engage-ability

了解了人脑的限制并遵循用户体验设计准则，我们的游戏开发就获得了良好的开端，但运用科学的方法，建立一个用户体验流程，从而寻找并优先解决用户体验问题同样很关键。解决问题相对来说是容易的，寻找真正的问题并解决它困难多了。由于人不可避免地存在偏见，受到主观认知、有限注意力和易出错的记忆的影响，仅仅依靠团队成员（有时甚至是高管）的直觉将严重耽误问题的解决。这也是为什么我们必须依赖用户体验调查来寻找和优先解决问题。用户体验调查员通过科学的方法与游戏团队合作提出假设，并设计相应的实验方案，然后收集和分析数据同时尽可能地消除偏见因素。一旦发现了一个重大的问题，团队必须思考它产生的原因。